IMPACT OF URBANIZATION AND INDUSTRIALIZATION ON THE WATER QUALITY OF THE YAMUNA RIVER IN MATHURA, U.P.

Abstract

The Yamuna River, considered sacred, is the largest river and a primary source of water for drinking, irrigation, and other essential purposes. However, in recent years, it has become one of the most polluted rivers due to the heavy discharge of sewage and industrial effluents. Rapid urbanization and population growth have significantly contributed to its deteriorating water quality.  This research aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the water quality of the Yamuna River in different areas of Mathura during pre- and post-monsoon seasons. A study was carried out to examine the physico-chemical properties of the river water at five sampling points near Mathura city: Mashani Nala, Vishram Ghat, Railway Bridge, Laxmi Nagar, and Bangali Ghat. The parameters analyzed included pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, total hardness, chlorides, nitrates, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), calcium, and magnesium. 

The results indicated that water quality at these sites was beyond permissible limits. Among the five locations, Mashani Nala, Railway Bridge, and Bangali Ghat were found to be highly contaminated, posing serious environmental and health concerns.