A Heavy Metal Speciation in Mining-Impacted Soils: A Review of Geochemical Partitioning and Risk Assessment

Authors

  • Musa Abubakar Musa Fedearal University Wukari
  • S. B. Mamud National Biotechnology Research Development Agency,Bioresources Development Center Billiri, Gombe state.
  • A. B. Adam
  • Aminu Ado Kaugama Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology Federal University Dutse

Abstract

Mining activities significantly alter soil chemistry, leading to the accumulation and transformation of heavy metals with varying mobility and toxicity. This review investigates the geochemical speciation of heavy metals in mining-impacted soils, emphasizing the importance of partitioning among solid-phase fractions such as exchangeable, carbonate-bound, and residual forms. The study synthesizes analytical techniques, including sequential extraction and synchrotron-based spectroscopy, used to characterize metal speciation and predict environmental behavior. Risk assessment frameworks are discussed in relation to bioavailability, leaching potential, and ecological impact. The study also explores soil amendments and stabilization technologies that aim to reduce metal mobility. Research gaps in dynamic speciation modeling and climate-related variability are identified to guide future studies.
Keywords: heavy metals, soil speciation, geochemical partitioning, mining impact, environmental risk

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Published

2025-10-01

How to Cite

Abubakar Musa, M., Bello Mamudu, S., Bilyaminu Adam, A., & Ado Kaugama, A. (2025). A Heavy Metal Speciation in Mining-Impacted Soils: A Review of Geochemical Partitioning and Risk Assessment. INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 48, 27–46. Retrieved from https://petsd.org/ojs/index.php/irjc/article/view/1848

Issue

Vol. 48 (2025): 1ST OCTOBER ... ISSN 2321 – 2845 (Online)......ISSN 2321 – 3299 (Print)

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2025 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY

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